Abstract

The electromagnetic problem of modeling vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with their full 3-D structure is analyzed. The vectorial Helmholtz equation is discretized on prism elements, and the resulting complex symmetric generalized eigenproblem is solved by an efficient numerical technique. The full-vectorial treatment enables one to determine the polarization characteristics of these lasers. The model is compared to 2-D calculations and is demonstrated for advanced laser diodes incorporating surface reliefs and photonic crystal patterns.

© 2007 IEEE

Self-consistent real three-dimensional simulation of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

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